Deciphering Mysteries Of Black Holes: Delving into the Depths of Black Holes Beyond the Event Horizon -Part 1

Hello, Everyone!

The universe is constantly expanding and it entails millions and billions of galaxies, Stars, Gas, dark matter, dark energy, and Dust. It is estimated that; we came to know only about 5% of the Universe by far. But in this constantly expanding universe there lies a mystery of specific regions of space with extremely potent gravitational pull so much so that even light cannot escape from it. These regions are black holes that come into existence once the dying stars shrink owing to their gravitational pull toward the conclusion of their life cycle. But why is the gravitational pull of a black hole so powerful? It is due to the concentration of mass in a tiny space, called Singularity.

According to the Universal law of gravitation outlined by Issac Newton, the gravitational force is directly proportional to the masses and inversely related to the square of the distance between their centers which implies if the density is higher then the gravitational force will also be greater, and also more the gravitational pull means denser will be the body i.e. more compact the body will be i.e. that mass will be encapsulated in a more compact dense body or within a smaller volume. This also outlines that more denser body will have greater gravitational pull and may be therefore more compact or condensed. Therefore the concentration of mass in a tiny space makes it denser eventually attributing to possessing a very powerful gravitational pull.

Black holes are regions in space with largely potent gravitational pull so much so that even light cannot escape from it and they come into existence once the dying stars shrink owing to their gravitational pull toward the conclusion of their life cycle. But why is the gravitational pull of a black hole so powerful? It is due to the concentration of mass in a tiny space, called Singularity.

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Black Holes exist in varied sizes i.e. from small ones that form due to the explosion of stars to the supermassive ones which exist at the center of the galaxies.

These dark and mysterious regions have always been an area of thorough research for scientists and astronomers for decades because of their peculiar characteristics inclusive of their potential to distort space-time and their enigmatic interiors believed to hold a point of infinite density.

So, let's delve into the cosmic mystery of Black Holes from their origination and to the framework of their origination in this blog post.

Now let's get started.

Origin Of Black Hole:-

Black holes originate with the shrinking of a star's core, which gets heated up and causes an explosion called a Supernova in which the outer layer of the star explodes into space and the core shrinks inward owing to gravitational force.

Here the question arises to what extent will this collapse of the core extend? The answer is that the inward collapsing of the core is due to the strong gravitational pull on its mass. If the core is significantly massive i.e. having a mass of a minimum of three times the mass of the sun then it will continue to shrink indefinitely leading to a point of Singularity at the center of the core.

Therefore Singularity is a point of infinite density and this infinite density leads to zero volume because the volume of any given mass is inversely related to its density(V=m/p; where m is the mass of the body, V is the volume of the body and p is the density of the mass of a particular body).

Also, the most intriguing part is that at Singularity the laws of physics known to us stop working.

Singularity is surrounded by an imaginary boundary beyond which nothing,i.e. not even light can escape called Event Horizon. In the formation of Event Horizon, the star is recognized as a black hole.

From the point of the event horizon, the gravitational pull is immensely powerful and this potent gravitational force distorts the region of space-time and creates a region of space-time from where there is no escape.

Origination Framework:-

How black holes came into existence is a question that has fascinated scientists and researchers over a long time and a consistent study is being conducted to unveil the mysteries of black holes.

Some of the origination frameworks are as follows:-

1. Stellar Origination Theory: This origination framework details the formation of a black hole owing to the depletion of nuclear fuel of a star and the star then experiences a supernova explosion. Owing to the strong gravitational pull of the shrinking core the core gets shrunk to a point of singularity by overcoming neutron degeneracy (According to the Universal law of gravitation the gravitational force is directly proportional to the masses and inversely related to the square of the distance between them which implies if the density will be more then gravitational force will also be more; and secondly more the gravitational pull denser i.e. more compact the body will be i.e. that mass will be encapsulated in a more compact dense body or within a smaller volume ).

But what is Neutron Degeneracy?

It can be answered simply. In a star that undergoes a supernova explosion the electrons and protons get combined to form neutrons due to being exposed to extreme heat and pressure; this process is called neutronization. Now in neutronization, the neutrons are tightly packed overcoming the gravitational pull by a neutron degeneracy pressure which we can say is a repelling force exerted by the tightly packed neutrons to prevent the star from shrinking more and more under its gravity. Neutron degeneracy implies that the pushing force from the tightly packed neutrons is lesser than the gravitational force which leads to further shrinking of the core of a star.

Simply put in neutronization, the neutrons are densely packed, resisting further gravitational collapse due to neutron degeneracy pressure. Neutron degeneracy occurs when the pressure from packed neutrons balances the gravitational force, preventing the star's core from collapsing further.

2. Supermassive Black Hole Origination Theory:

According to this concept with the gradual accumulation of matter for some time the Supermassive Black Holes come into existence. Black holes exhibit a peculiar characteristic of Accretion in which the matter falls into a black hole eventually aiding in its incresed mass and increased gravitational pull. The accumulation of matter in a Supermassive Black Hole might result from the accretion of dust and gas or the unification of two black holes smaller in size.

3. Hawking Radiation Theory: Proposed by renowned Physicist Stephen Hawking; this theory details that black holes emanate radiation called Hawking Radiation; and the mass of the black hole is lost with time finally resulting in evaporation of its mass. Another aspect of this theory is that the black holes are not completely black-coloured regions and they emit thermal radiation.

4. Black Hole Mergers: This theory plays a pivotal role in the formation of Supermassive Black Holes and the origination of Black Holes. The unification of two black holes results in the formation of very extremely massive black Hole due to the integration of masses of two black holes that had unified. The occurrence is anticipated by Einstein's General Theory Of Relativity and is indirectly detected through Gravitational Waves.

Conclusively, we can say that the origination of black holes has been a topic that calls for delving deep into the mysteries and characteristics of the Universe's enigma.

Thank You.

Black hole types, anatomy, and detection of black holes; meanwhile unlocking the concepts of escape velocity, gravitational lensing, gravitational waves, theory of relativity, the fabric of space-time, and time dilation effect will be illustrated in upcoming parts of this blog post.

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